Q:

The old man said to me, "Life has taught me some hard lessons."

• 1
  The old man tells me that life is teaching him some hard lessons.
• 2
  The old man told me that life had taught him some hard lessons.
• 3
  The old man tells me that life has taught him some hard lessons.
• 4
  The old man told me this that life has had taught him some hard lessons.