Q.21. In SQL the statement select*from R, S is equivalent to
(A) Select * from R natural join S
(B) Select * from R cross join S
(C) Select * from R union join S
(D) Select * from R inner join S
Q.22. Which of the following is not a consequence of concurrent operations?
(A) Lost update problem
(B) Update anomaly
(C) unrepeatable read.
(D) Dirty read
Q.23.As per equivalence rules for query transformation, selection operation distributes over.
(A) Union
(B) Intersection
(C) Set difference
(D) All of the above
Q.24. The metadata is created by the
(A) DML compiler
(B) DML pre-processor
(C) DDL interpreter
(D) Query interpreter
Q.25. When an E-R diagram is mapped to tables, the representation is redundant for
(A) Weak entity sets
(B) Weak relationship
(C) strong entity sets
(D) strong relationship
Q.26. When R CS = f, then the cost of computing R><S is
(A) the same as R × S
(B) greater the R × S
(C) less than R × S
(D) Cannot say anything
Q.27. In SQL the word ‘natural’ can be used with
(A) inner join
(B) full outer join
(C) right outer join
(D) all of the above
Q.28. The default level of consistency in SQL is
(A) repeatable read
(B) read committed
(C) read uncommitted
(D) serializable
Q.29. if a transaction T has obtained an exclusive lock on item Q, then T can
(A) read Q
(B) write Q
(C) both read and write Q
(D) write Q but not read Q
Q.30. Shadow paging has
(A) no redo
(B) no undo
(C) redo but no undo
(D) neither redo nor undo
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